When those relativistic electrons collided with air molecules, they generated gamma rays and lower energy electrons that were the main electric current carrier that produced the strong radio pulse before the visible lightning.ĭark and bright lightning may be intrinsic processes in the discharge of lightning, Østgaard said, but he stressed that more research needs to be done to elucidate the link. This strong field created a cascade of electrons moving at close to the speed of light. Østgaard and his team suspect that the flash of dark lightning was triggered by the strong electric field that developed immediately before the visible lightning.
The satellites’ observations combined with radio-wave data provided the information that Østgaard and his team used to reconstruct this ethereal electrical event, which lasted 300 milliseconds. “It was fortuitous that two independent satellites-which are traveling at 7 kilometers per second (4.3 miles per second)-passed right above the same thunderstorm right as the pulse occurred.” A radio receiver located 3,000 kilometers (1864 miles) away at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina detected the radio discharge.
“This observation was really lucky,” Østgaard said. He and his team detected the gamma ray flash and a discharge of radio waves immediately preceding the visible lightning. “We developed a new, improved search algorithm…and identified more than twice as many terrestrial gamma flashes than originally reported,” said Østgaard.
Scientists were unaware then that a weak flash of dark lightning had preceded the bright lightning.īut last year, Østgaard and his colleagues discovered the previously unknown gamma ray burst while reprocessing the satellite data. In 2006, two independent satellites-one equipped with an optical detector and the other carrying a gamma ray detector-coincidentally flew within 300 kilometers (186 miles) of a Venezuelan storm as a powerful lightning bolt exploded within a thundercloud. While scientists now know that dark lightning naturally occurs in thunderstorms, they do not know how frequently these flashes take place or whether visible lightning always accompanies them. Researchers refer to such a burst as a terrestrial gamma ray flash.ĭark lightning is the most energetic radiation produced naturally on Earth, but was unknown before 1991. He and his collaborators describe their findings in an article recently accepted in Geophysical Research Letters-a journal of the American Geophysical Union.ĭark lightning is a burst of gamma rays produced during thunderstorms by extremely fast moving electrons colliding with air molecules. “Our results indicate that both these phenomena, dark and bright lightning, are intrinsic processes in the discharge of lightning,” said Nikolai Østgaard, who is a space scientist at the University of Bergen in Norway and led the research team. The new finding provides observational evidence that the two phenomena are connected, although the exact nature of the relationship between ordinary bright lightning and the dark variety is still unclear, the scientists said. WASHINGTON – Researchers have identified a burst of high-energy radiation known as ‘dark lightning” immediately preceding a flash of ordinary lightning.
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